How does bitcoin prevent double-spending?

Could you elaborate on how Bitcoin specifically addresses the issue of double-spending? I'm curious to understand the technical mechanisms that ensure transactions remain secure and prevent the same bitcoins from being spent twice. What role does the blockchain play in this process? Does it involve the validation of transactions by miners? If so, how does this validation process work to prevent double-spending? Additionally, what are some of the key challenges in ensuring the integrity of the Bitcoin network and preventing double-spending attacks?