What are the challenges associated with bitcoin scalability problem?

In delving into the complexities of Bitcoin's scalability problem, one cannot overlook the myriad challenges it poses. At the core of this issue lies the question of how to maintain a secure and decentralized network while accommodating for an ever-growing user base and transaction volume. The limitations of the blockchain's block size and the resulting transaction throughput are a significant constraint. With increased demand, transaction fees have skyrocketed, deterring casual users and limiting the network's utility. Furthermore, the decentralization aspect of Bitcoin's network is threatened by scalability solutions that centralize power or require trust in third parties. The question arises: how can Bitcoin maintain its decentralized nature while scaling to meet the demands of a global user base? This conundrum encapsulates the intricate challenges associated with Bitcoin's scalability problem.