Can scammer get info from answering my phone?

Hello, I've been receiving calls from unknown numbers lately, and I'm concerned about the possibility of scammers trying to obtain personal information from me. Can you tell me if a scammer can actually get my information just by answering my phone? I've heard about phishing scams and other tactics, but I'm not sure how they work exactly. Is there anything I should be aware of to protect myself from these types of scams?