How do I run a bitcoin server?

Could you please elaborate on the steps needed to successfully run a Bitcoin server? What kind of hardware and software requirements are essential? Additionally, are there any specific security measures I should take into consideration to ensure the safety of my Bitcoin server? Furthermore, could you guide me through the process of configuring and maintaining the server to ensure optimal performance and stability? I'm particularly interested in understanding the technical aspects of managing a Bitcoin server, including any potential challenges or obstacles I might encounter along the way.