What is $1 in hash?

In the given example, "5pZSV9va" represents the salt used in an md5-crypt hash. This salt, along with the user's password, is fed into the md5-crypt algorithm to generate a unique hash for that specific password and salt combination.

The use of salt in md5-crypt hashes is a fundamental security measure. It prevents attackers from using pre-computed hash tables (also known as rainbow tables) to quickly crack passwords. By adding a unique salt to each password, even if two users have the same password, their hashes will be different.

The prefix "$1$" serves as a distinct identifier for md5-crypt hashes, adhering to the Modular Crypt Format standard. This prefix ensures that the subsequent hash can be accurately recognized and processed as an md5-crypt hash.

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The salt component in md5-crypt hashes plays a crucial role in enhancing security. It is a sequence of 0 to 8 characters, carefully selected from a specific range defined by the regular expression [./0-9A-Za-z]. This range ensures that the salt is both random and unpredictable.