How does a CFG work?

The defining characteristic of a context-free grammar is its ability to produce strings without considering the context in which they are generated. This means that the rules used to form a string do not depend on the surrounding text or context.

Context-free grammars, abbreviated as CFGs, serve as a fundamental tool in linguistics and computer science for defining context-free languages. These grammars consist of a set of recursive rules that govern the formation of strings, allowing for the generation of specific patterns and structures.

Despite their limitations, context-free grammars are incredibly powerful, capable of describing all regular languages and extending beyond them. Regular languages, which are a subset of context-free languages, can be described using simpler formalisms like regular expressions, but CFGs offer a broader range of expression.

However, it's important to note that context-free grammars are not omnipotent. There exist languages that cannot be described using CFGs, demonstrating their inherent limitations. These languages, known as context-sensitive or non-context-free, require more complex grammatical structures to be accurately represented.

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