When did Gulden change to euro?

The dual circulation period began before the physical introduction of the euro. During this time, both the guilder and the euro had legal tender status. This meant that both currencies could be used for transactions.

The dual circulation period ended on January 28, 2002. After this date, the guilder ceased to be legal tender, and the euro became the sole currency used in the Netherlands.

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The Netherlands adopted the euro banknotes and coins on January 1, 2002. Prior to this date, the euro had been the official currency for a transitional period of three years.

During this transition, the euro existed solely as 'book money,' meaning it was used in financial transactions but not in physical form. This allowed businesses and individuals to adjust to the new currency without the immediate need for physical euro notes and coins.