What is cryptocurrency mining & why is it important?

Cryptocurrency mining, often referred to as "mining," is a process where specialized computers, known as miners, are used to solve complex mathematical problems and, in return, are rewarded with a certain amount of cryptocurrency. This process serves two crucial functions: firstly, it secures the blockchain network by ensuring that all transactions are verified and legitimate; secondly, it introduces new coins into the system, thus maintaining the supply of the cryptocurrency. Mining is essential for the sustainability and security of a cryptocurrency's network, and it's also how many early enthusiasts and investors made significant profits by participating in the process. Can you elaborate on the technical aspects of mining and its significance in the broader context of cryptocurrency?