What is the key exchange vulnerability?

The absence of authentication in the Diffie-Hellman key exchange leaves the door open for man-in-the-middle attacks. In such scenarios, an attacker can intercept the communication and impersonate either party, undetected, thereby compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the exchanged information.

To mitigate this vulnerability, additional layers of security, such as digital signatures or certificate-based authentication, are often employed in conjunction with the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. These measures help to verify the identities of the communicating parties and prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

The Diffie-Hellman key exchange, a cornerstone in modern cryptography, is not without its flaws. At its core, the protocol's Achilles' heel stems from its inability to authenticate the parties involved in the communication.

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Despite its efficacy in ensuring the privacy of transmitted data, the Diffie-Hellman protocol lacks a mechanism to verify the true identities of the communicating entities. This omission creates a significant security gap that can be exploited by malicious actors.