How does key exchange work?

Cryptography, the science of securing information, relies heavily on the concept of key exchange. It is a vital process that enables two communicating parties to securely share cryptographic keys, enabling the use of encryption algorithms.

The derived secret key, which is known only to the two communicating parties, can then be used for various cryptographic operations, such as encrypting messages or verifying digital signatures. This process ensures that the communication remains confidential and secure.

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One of the most renowned methods for key exchange is the Diffie–Hellman key exchange scheme. This groundbreaking approach revolutionized the way cryptographic keys are securely exchanged, setting the foundation for modern secure communication protocols.

In the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, each communicating party independently generates a unique pair of keys: a public key and a private key. These keys are mathematically linked, yet the private key remains secret, ensuring the security of the communication.